In 1610, Johannes Kepler used the dark night sky to argue for a finite universe. De Luce is the first attempt to describe the heavens and Earth using a single set of physical laws. He described the birth of the universe in an explosion and the crystallization of matter to form stars and planets in a set of nested spheres around Earth. In his 1225 treatise De Luce ( On Light), English theologian Robert Grosseteste explored the nature of matter and the cosmos. As a result, a variety of logical arguments for the universe having a finite past were developed by John Philoponus, Al-Kindi, Saadia Gaon, Al-Ghazali and Immanuel Kant, among others. The philosophy of Aristotle held that the universe had an infinite past, which caused problems for past Jewish and Islamic philosophers who were unable to reconcile the Aristotelian conception of the eternal with the Abrahamic view of creation. In medieval philosophy, there was much debate over whether the universe had a finite or infinite past (see Temporal finitism). Philosophy and medieval temporal finitism Hubble's Law of the expansion of the universe provided foundational support for the theory. The theory itself was originally formalised by Belgian Catholic priest, theoretical physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics Georges Lemaître. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations.
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